Thank you Ivan, your template is exactly what I want (but I didn't change the layer blending mode, it must be normal to work properly)
See a preview here:
http://ftpmerou.free.fr/inkscape/blurbackground-2.png
http://ftpmerou.free.fr/inkscape/blurbackground-2.svg
Artifacts can be annoying but it might be fixed later, maybe they are due to the IIR Filtering method added in 2007?
By the way, the layer with the "background property" cannot be renamed, changes are not made in the svg.