I believe that the key is the file CairoOutputDev.h
On systems that have compile working, check what package owns that .h file.
Nobody owns it, as far as I can tell. It doesn't live anywhere I can find, either with or without poppler-bindings installed. But then, neither of my machines actually compile with poppler support, I think I've determined :) So I'm no help.
However, poppler appears to provide the file. I'm not knowledgeable about these things, but here:
http://webcvs.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/poppler/CairoOutputDev.h?view=...
it shows as being part of poppler, right?
JF
Also, when I build poppler, the default on Gentoo appears to be to install with
--disable-poppler-glib --disable-cairo-output
no use flags available to change this.
JF