That means they need to be unique per document (btw, an aspect of layers that Adobe and other artistic software does not have) and must consist only of valid 'name' sequences (limited characters, no spaces, etc).
...
We might want to look into tuning up the lable/id synchronization, but need to be careful about introducing unexpected consequences. (Changing behavior in one direction might make Illustrator happier, but at the expense of breaking script/extension compatibility, etc.)